Introduction

Color blindness (color vision deficiency) is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color. It can impair such tasks as selecting ripe fruit, choosing clothing, and reading traffic lights. Color blindness may make some educational activities more difficult. However, problems are generally minor, and most color-blind people adapt. People with total color blindness (achromatopsia) may also be uncomfortable in bright environments and have decreased visual acuity.

Color blindness means your eye doesn't see color the way it should. Your eyes see differences in the light that comes in. It’s a bit like the way we hear sounds as being low or high. This is called pitch, and it corresponds to the frequency of the sound, or how many times it vibrates in a given time period.

Causes

Usually, genes inherited from your parents cause faulty photopigments molecules that detect color in the cone-shaped cells, or “cones,” in your retina. But sometimes color blindness is not because of your genes, but rather because of: Physical or chemical damage to the eye, damage the optic nerve, damage to parts of the brain that process color information, cataract: a clouding of the eye’s lens and age.

Symptoms

The main symptom of color blindness is not seeing colors the way most people do. If you’re color blind, you may have trouble seeing: The difference between colors, how bright colors are, Different shades of colors, Symptoms of color blindness are often so mild that you may not notice them. And since we get used to the way we see colors, many people with color blindness don’t know they have it. People with very serious cases of color blindness might have other symptoms, too like quick side-to-side eye movements (nystagmus) or sensitivity to light.

Types

The most common types happen when genes you inherit from your parents that help make the photopigments in the cones of your eyes don’t work properly. Sometimes this means you are less sensitive to some colors than others, and sometimes it means you can’t see certain colors. Types of color blindness include Red-Green Color Blindness such as Deuteranomaly, Protanomaly, Protanopia, Deuteranopia and Blue-Yellow Color Blindness like Tritanomaly, Tritanopia.

Treatment

There’s no cure for color blindness that’s passed down in families, but most people find ways to adjust to it. Children with color blindness may need help with some classroom activities, and adults with color blindness may not be able to do certain jobs, like being a pilot or graphic designer. Keep in mind that most of the time; color blindness doesn’t cause serious problems.

If your color blindness is happening because of another health problem, your doctor will treat the condition that’s causing the problem. If you’re taking a medicine that causes color blindness, your doctor may adjust how much you take or suggest you switch to a different medicine.

If color blindness is causing problems with everyday tasks, there are devices and technology that can help, including: Glasses and contacts: Special contact lenses and glasses may help people who are color blind tell the difference between colors. Visual aids: You can use visual aids, apps, and other technology to help you live with color blindness. For example, you can use an app to take a photo with your phone or tablet and then tap on part of the photo to find out the color of that area.

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