Journal of Agricultural and biological research an open access rapid peer reviewed journal in the field of agricultural research. It is a bimonthly journal.  Below we discuss about.

Dry dung fuel or dry manure fuel is animal feces that have been dried in order to be used as a fuel source. It is used in many countries. Using dry manure as a fuel source is an example of reuse of excreta. A disadvantage of using this kind of fuel is increased air pollution.[1] In India, it is known as "dung cakes".

Types

Dry dung and moist dung

Dry dung is more commonly used than moist dung, because it burns more easily. Dry manure is typically defined as having moisture content less than 30 percent.

Dung cakes

"Dung cakes", made from the by-products of animal husbandry, are traditionally used as fuel in India for cooking food in a domestic hearth called a Chulha. They are made by hand by village women and are traditionally made from cow or buffalo dung. One dung cake of an average size gives 2100 kJ worth of energy. Dung cakes are also known as goitha, uple, kande, gosse or thepdi.These are the cakes of cow dung molded by bare hands with a curvature to be able to keep stuck to the walls. Once dried they are put in a pile and covered with thatch called bitauda. These bitaudas are visible in parts of rural India albeit with different names. The size and shape of the cake might vary with region. Its also not uncommon to see these cakes directly used in earthen ovens.This bio-fuel has been used primarily for two reasons: for easy disposal of cow dung and as easily available and cheap fuel.

 Human feces

Human feces can in principle also be dried and used as a fuel source if they are collected in a type of dry toilet, for example an incinerating toilet. Since 2011, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is supporting the development of such toilets as part of their "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge" to promote safer, more effective ways to treat human excreta.[3] The omni-processor is another example of using human feces contained in fecal sludge or sewage sludge as a fuel source.

Benefits

The benefits of using dry animal dung include:

• Cheaper than most modern fuels
• Efficient
• Alleviates local pressure on wood resources
• Readily available - short walking time required to collect fuel
• No cash outlays necessary for purchase (can be exchanged for other products)
• Less environmental pollution compared to some other fuels
• Safe disposal of animal dung
• Sustainable and renewable energy source

Journal of Agricultural and biological announce papers for the upcoming issue. Interested can submit their manuscript through online portal.

Submit manuscript at https://www.scholarscentral.org/editorial-tracking/index.php or send as an e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office at agri@scholarlypub.com

Media contact:

Larry Taylor,

Managing Editor

Journal of Agricultural and Biological Research

Mail ID: biologyres@peerjournal.org

Whatsapp no: 1-504-608-2390