A cataract is an opacification of the lens of the eye which leads to a decrease in vision. Cataracts often develop slowly and can affect one or both eyes. Symptoms may include faded colors, blurry or double vision, halos around light, trouble with bright lights, and trouble seeing at night. This may result in trouble driving, reading, or recognizing faces.

Poor vision caused by cataracts may also result in an increased risk of falling and depression. Cataracts cause half of all cases of blindness and 33% of visual impairment worldwide. A cataract is a clouding of the normally clear lens of your eye. For people who have cataracts, seeing through cloudy lenses is a bit like looking through a frosty or fogged-up window.

Clouded vision caused by cataracts can make it more difficult to read, drive a car (especially at night) or see the expression on a friend's face. Most cataracts develop slowly and don't disturb your eyesight early on. But with time, cataracts will eventually interfere with your vision.

Types of Cataracts

Nuclear cataracts form in the middle of the lens and cause the nucleus, or the center, to become yellow or brown. Cortical cataracts are wedge-shaped and form around the edges of the nucleus. Posterior capsular cataracts form faster than the other two types and affect the back of the lens.

Congenital cataracts, which are present at birth or form during a baby’s first year, are less common than age-related cataracts. Secondary cataracts are caused by disease or medications. Diseases that are linked with the development of cataracts include glaucoma and diabetes.

The use of the steroid prednisone and other medications can sometimes lead to cataracts. Traumatic cataracts develop after an injury to the eye, but it can take several years for this to happen. Radiation cataracts can form after a person undergoes radiation treatment for cancer.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of cataracts include: blurry vision, trouble seeing at night, seeing colors as faded, increased sensitivity to glare, halos surrounding lights, double vision in the affected eye and a need for frequent changes in prescription glasses.                

Risk of Cataract

Your risk for cataracts goes up as you get older. You’re also at higher risk if you: Have certain health problems, like diabetes, Smoke, Drink too much alcohol, Have a family history of cataracts, Have had an eye injury, eye surgery, or radiation treatment on your upper body, Have spent a lot of time in the sun and Take steroids (medicines used to treat a variety of health problems, like arthritis and rashes).

Causes

Most cataracts are caused by normal changes in your eyes as you get older. When you’re young, the lens in your eye is clear. Around age 40, the proteins in the lens of your eye start to break down and clump together. This clump makes a cloudy area on your lens or a cataract. Over time, the cataract gets more severe and clouds more of the lens.

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